Découvrir informations, conseils et prix pour grin metaphor the structure of vendu 30.4 € , est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1 (A), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (Anglistics), course: Metaphor and Metonymy, language: English, abstract: The general idea of this paper is to compare different approaches to metaphor, viz. lexicographical definitions by means of dictionaries, specialists¿ definitions by means of Lakoff and Johnson¿s definition, theoretical background (Turner, Langacker and Sweetser) and lexical definitions by Kövecses. These approaches seem to be quite contradictory at first glance and the question whether it is a contradiction or not will be addressed in the fourth chapter. The definitions will be discussed in the first chapter, together with a short definition of the crucial terminology. An important aspect of metaphors according to Lakoff and Johnson is the transfer of meaning form a target domain to a source domain. The second chapter is about the internal structure of domains, based on Langacker¿s approach, and about the process of the transfer of meaning used in metaphors. This transfer is called mapping and the description rather than definition is based mainly on Turner and Sweetser. Another important aspect of metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson is the experiential basis used in the meanings expressed, which will be based mainly on Sweetser. The case study is about Kövecses¿ concept of the conceptual metaphor ANGER, a sub-category of the higher-up domain EMOTION, is based upon what Kövecses calls the "prototype scenario" - i.e. the probable way anger builds up, is conceived of and expressed in language and bodily experience.
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EAN: 9783638646987
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin frey o metaphor and il est vendu 21.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit appartient à Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Vienna (Institut für Anglistik & Amerikanistik), course: Linguistics Seminar: Metaphor and Cognitive Models, language: English, abstract: "Metaphor is for most people a device of the poetic imagination and the rhetorical flourish - a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language. [...] We have found, on the contrary, that metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action. Our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature" (Lakoff and Johnson 1980: 3). Taking this statement into account, one might ask where the boundaries between literary and ordinary language in terms of metaphoricity are or whether they exist at all. Metaphor is obviously neither an exclusively literary device in the sense of a defining feature of literature. Nevertheless, the scope of this paper is to show that literary metaphor has a special status not only because of its distinct features, but also due to a special way of processing and interpretation on the part of the reader. In order to situate these two aspects of literary metaphor within a theoretical literary framework, two basic approaches to the concept of literariness - a textual and a contextual one - are taken as a starting point. Building on this theoretical basis, the concept of literary metaphor is linked with each of these two definitions of literariness in order to show that it can be analyzed from a purely formal and stylistic as well as from a reader-related perspective, both contributing to the distinct characteristics of literary metaphor.
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EAN: 9783640526031
Trouver informations, conseils et prix pour grin metaphor and space the il est vendu 30.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: very good, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (Seminar for Anglistics), course: Hauptseminar "Metaphor and Metonymy", language: English, abstract: ¿Most of our fundamental concepts are organized in terms of one or more spatialization metaphors¿: this very elementary conclusion is drawn by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1980: 17) after having analysed what they call orientational metaphors. In opposition to the classical point of view, Lakoff, Johnson, and other cognitive linguists believe this group of metaphors, among others, to be deeply embedded in the human conceptualisation system and to provide a means of reasoning about and structuring of entire, mostly abstract, domains in terms of other, more concrete, domains. Based on a limited amount of underlying image schemata, which are projected onto these domains, metaphors are employed in order to be able to understand large parts of the world surrounding us. Cognitive linguistics asks for the motivation and functional explanation of linguistic expressions. Beyond merely linguistic aspects, the cognitive approach is aiming high, since its targets are, among others, a new theory of categorisation (Lakoff 1987), Imagination (Johnson 1987: 139ff.), and, what would be a fundamental change in Western philosophy, meaning by the approach entitled as cognitive semantics In most of these and other disciplines of cognitive sciences, metaphor is one of the chief means by which these targets are tried to be accomplished. In linguistics, metaphor is an explanation for many expressions which were, on the traditional Objectivist account, viewed as being arbitrary. The general principle by which cognitive linguists explain thess expressions is as follows: Fundamental spatial and physical experiences yield certain image schemata. These schemata are mapped by means of metaphorical projection onto abstract concepts, which human beings would otherwise not be able to grasp. By metaphorical mapping, these concepts are understood, structured and given meaning. Therefore, metaphor is, on the cognitive account of meaning, far more than just a stylistic device: it is rather a way by which we understand our environment. Furthermore, metaphor is used, as accounted for by the cognitive approach, neither consciously nor intentionally. Contrary to the traditional account in which the speaker or the poet uses metaphorical expressions by intention, these are regarded as merely linguistic reflections of underlying means of understanding which are, for many abstract concepts, the only means available to us by which we can understand these concepts.
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frais de port: 3.5
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EAN: 9783638647380
Découvrir conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin the status of metaphor vendu 66.9 € , ce produit est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: A, University of Silesia, language: English, abstract: The following thesis consists in an attempt at synthesising several problems connected with narrating historical representations by means of metaphors. It examines the functions metaphorical narratives may attend in order to (de)construct historical identities as well as the places metaphors may occupy in the order of discourses. Divided into three chapters, the dissertation deals with the ¿spectacular¿ and the ¿performative¿ potential of figurative speech assembled in historical narrations that are, in quite distinct fashions, presented in selected novels by Julian Barnes, Graham Swift and Kazuo Ishiguro. The methodological profile of the analysis conducted in this thesis is centralised on the deconstructionist notion of metaphor as well as certain poststructuralist conceptions of power relations. But despite the fact that most theoretical inspirations are drawn from the philosophy of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault there appear also other names and theoretical sources. Among these quite a substantial role can be assigned to literary criticism developed between 1950s and 1990s in Great Britain and elsewhere in Europe, feminist critique along with its various orientations, psychoanalytic writings as well as texts authored by philosophers and critics linked more to structuralist tradition and New Criticism rather than deconstruction such as Paul Ricoeur, Roland Barthes, Mikhail Bakhtin, Wolfgang Iser, Stanley Fish or Walter Benjamin. The first chapter, Metaphoricised Historiography, as its title implies, serves as a short introduction to the intricacies of post-war British history and its impact on literature. The next chapter entitled History as Spectacle deals with recontextualising and manipulating historical scenes. And the last chapter, History as Performance, addresses a certain type of historical sensitivity. It is discussed on the examples of visual arts and the situation of historical painting in the context of being objectified in endless interpretative circulation in galleries and museums. On the whole, the dissertation tries to estimate the significance of metaphors in discourses narrating historical identities.
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EAN: 9783638739078
Découvrir conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin differences in the tax vendu 32.4 € , ce produit est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 80 %, University of Glamorgan, 12 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This essay provides a short survey of the different tax structures prevailing in the UK, Germany and Switzerland. By doing so, the basic differences and the substantial similarities within and between these three covered countries are presented. This essay commences by outlining the tax history of Germany and Switzerland. Following, the third section is concerned with the different sources of tax revenue within each above-mentioned country. In the fourth section the focus is channelled to the trends within and between Germany and Switzerland. In this regard, the trends are identified, analysed and finally compared. After outlining the different trends the concentration shifts onto any similarities and differences between and within each country. This essay concludes by summing up the main findings of the different tax structures in the UK, Germany and Switzerland.
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frais de port: 3.5
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EAN: 9783638903240
Trouver informations, conseils et prix pour grin conglomerate structure in india il est vendu 41.9 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Diploma Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: Distinction, London School of Economics (Management and Strategy Group), course: Dissertation Master of Science in International Management, 29 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The conglomerate structure is still prevalent in India. Recently, however, consultants and international investors have started pressuring business houses to reduce diversification. Focusing on India's most diversified conglomerate and a benchmark portfolio of unaffiliated Indian firms, this study examines the impact of Tata Group affiliation on firm performance. Results show a significant positive relation between group membership and performance, both in terms of Tobin's q and ROA. Differentiating between different degrees of group affiliation (DOA), the analysis further reveals that the higher the influence from the centre, the higher the positive impact on firm performance. From all analyzed DOA factors, the inclusion of senior group level executives or Tata family members in the management of affiliates seems to boost affiliates' performance the most. A possible interpretation of this finding is that direct managerial involvement from the centre increases firms' access to group level resources. Furthermore, group level executives are matured professionals and leaders, who bring in valuable business knowledge, thereby increasing the long-term prospects of the affiliate and evoking trust among investors. Overall, the findings of this paper suggest that even in a more liberal and globalized India, the conglomerate structure can still be financially beneficial and is far from outdated. The Tata Group is one such positive example.
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EAN: 9783640238712
Trouver informations, conseils et prix pour grin credit rating and the il est vendu 32.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,3, University of Hohenheim (Lehrstuhl für Bankwirtschaft und Finanzdienstleistungen), language: English, abstract: The question about capital structure is one of the most important issues which the management of a company faces in implementing their daily business. Therefore, the question of which factors affect capital structure decisions attracts high attention in the past and recent literature on capital structure. There are many papers providing valuable insights into capital structure choices, starting with the paper of Modigliani and Miller (1958). The MM-Theorem is generally considered a purely theoretical result since it ignores important factors in the capital structure decision like bank-ruptcy costs, taxes, agency costs and information asymmetry. Based on this paper many other theories which consider factors neglected by Modigliani and Miller have been evolved. Two major theories are the Tradeoff- and the Pecking-Order-Theory. The former loosens assumptions stated in the MM-Theorem by including bankruptcy costs and taxes while the latter introduces information asymmetry into the capital structure discussion. Chapter 2.1 will give a brief overview of these theories. For complexity reasons these models cannot capture all relevant factors affecting the capital structure policy of a company. However, all these theories disregard one cru-cial factor which plays an important role on capital markets all over the world. The significance of Credit Ratings is gradually increasing, and it is doing so in many re-spects. This paper focuses on the Credit Rating-Capital Structure-Hypotheses (CRCS) developed by Darren J. Kisgen as a modern approach to the capital structure discussion. The hypothesis argues that credit ratings have an impact on capital struc-ture decisions due to discrete costs (benefits) associated with a rating change. Firstly, reasons why credit ratings are material for capital structure decisions will be out-lined. Then, situations in which credit rating effects play a role will be examined. For this issue it is very important to show how it can be measured whether a firm is con-cerned about a rating change or not. Afterwards the CR-CS will be empirically tested. The traditional theories don¿t explain the results obtained in these tests. Therefore credit rating effects will be combined with factors discussed in the Tradeoff- and Pecking-Order-Theory. In subsequent empirical tests credit rating factors will be integrated into previous capital structure test to show that the results of the CR-CS tests remain statistically significant...
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EAN: 9783640575497
Découvrir conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur peter lang gmbh internationaler verlag vendu 102 € , ce produit est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, fabriqué par Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
This work is a cognitive-linguistic investigation of metaphor in languages for special purposes (LSP). Metaphorization is (re-)defined as a transfer of mental schemata which are mapped from a familiar source domain to analogically structure a hard-to-grasp target domain. Metaphors are empirically evaluated in an investigation of academic writing as well as of popular-scientific texts in the domains of economics, medicine and computing. The empirical analysis provides evidence that even scientific reasoning recurs to metaphorical thinking as an information-processing strategy. Since metaphors appear to define the scientific paradigms which determine (but also constrain) the scope of scientific reasoning, the findings give rise to a discussion about the objectivity of science.
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EAN: 9783631531594
Découvrir conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin value effects through voting vendu 41.9 € , ce produit est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Diploma Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Economy - Theory of Competition, Competition Policy, grade: 1,7, University of Bonn (Finanzwirtschaftliches Institut), language: English, abstract: The question if and how the ownership structure influences the market value of a firm is one of the most extensive studied subjects in corporate governance. Three main determinants were identified during more than 30 years of research: 1. The size of the block 2. The legal and regulatory environment 3. The type of blockholder This work uses the acquisition of voting blocks by different types of acquirers (point 3) to determine how the shareholder structure in Germany (point 2) influences the valuation of a firm. It is demonstrated that the heterogeneity between block acquirers has to be taken into account, i.e. the size of a block (acquisition) itself (point 1) is not a distinctive enough instrument to determine valuation aspects. The main results are that a block acquisition by banks in Germany results in a negative value effect. A cumulated abnormal return (CAR) of -2.7% in the event-period [-20,20] is the (average) consequence of a block-acquisition by a bank. A strong and highly significant result is the positive valuation effect when hedge funds acquire blocks in their targets. Average cumulated abnormal return is 5% in the period [-20,-1]. Corporations as block-acquirer cause also positive CAR¿s (1%). No significant effects are found following the announcement by mutual funds, insurances and individual investors. The work proceeds as follows: In chapter 2 the literature on general corporate governance and especially the literature concerned with the relation between shareholder structure and valuation is reviewed. The data for this study and its legal sources is described in chapter 3 and chapter 4 gives a short descriptive statistic. The main chapter, chapter 5, starts with an explanation why the event-study methodology is especially eligible to answer the question of how blockholding influences valuation. Then the used methodology is described and the results of the empirical work presented. These are put in the context of the respective literature and research. Chapter 6 is a short summary of the most important findings and concludes the work.
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EAN: 9783640120703
Trouver informations, conseils et prix pour grin the finance strategy of il est vendu 28.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1.3, University of Hull, language: English, abstract: Long-term financing and therefore the question of capital structure is essential for all kinds of business. Every organisation should take into account financing patterns in order to set up a target capital structure, which reduces the cost of capital. The optimal capital structure tends to rely on a variety of factors, such as industry, ownership structure, personal attitude to risk, nationality, and dimension of asymmetric information. Due to the significance, many theories regarding these matters have been developed with sometimes more contradictory explanations. This paper deals with the long-term financing patterns of the Deutsche Lufthansa AG. Firstly, the work gives a brief company's profile and investigates its capital structure. Further, the composition of shareholders' equity and debts are examined in order to critically asses Lufthansa's rationale for its financing mix. Finally, referred on relevant long-term financing theories, the work summarizes the findings. [...]
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frais de port: 3.5
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EAN: 9783640411122
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin airbus power 8 cost il est vendu 30.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit appartient à Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Gloucestershire, language: English, abstract: In times of Globalization and Internationalization major national companies become "global" in terms of structure, purchase or production. Great "geopolitical" supra national bodies like the European Union ( EU ) play an important role in terms of regulating trade-traffic or improving the economic standard for its members. The multinational aircraft manufacturer, Airbus S.A.S, is a good example to emphasize how corporate goals do not always equate with EU ideals. The purpose of this report is to identify those disputes relating to the current cost reduction program of Airbus called "Power 8". By handling the agenda the lead question will be discussed. Recommondations in the last part mention proposals concerning political issues in regional and environmental policy. As a whole this report gives an overview concerning the disputes of a margin orientated company and the EU with the economic interest of all its members.
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frais de port: 3.5
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EAN: 9783640432905
Découvrir conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur organizational structure metaphors vendu 14,99 € , ce produit est placé dans la catégorie Gestion, fabriqué par et est vendu par Grin Publishing
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disponibilité: Habituellement expédié sous 5 à 6 jours
EAN: 9783656774150
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur metaphor the structure of domain il est vendu 17,95 € , présent dans la catégorie Encyclopédies et dictionnaires linguistiques; ce produit appartient à et est vendu par GRIN Verlag
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disponibilité: Habituellement expédié sous 5 à 6 jours
EAN: 9783638646987