Découvrir conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin foreign trade policy and vendu 32.4 € , ce produit est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: A-, University of Auckland (Business School - Faculty of Economics), course: Trade & Development, language: English, abstract: There has been a lot of work on the relation between openness and economic growth, with results being ambiguous. A study done by Sachs and Warner (1995), using a sample of 135 countries, has shown that there is a positive correlation between openness and growth, e.g. that trade liberalisation fosters economic performance. The assumptions and country categorisations of this study have been criticised by Rodriguez and Rodrik (2000); they concluded that low tariff rates do not necessarily imply higher growth rates but that tariff protection exceeding a certain level stifles growth. Dollar and Kray (cited in Santos-Paulino and Thirlwall, 2004) compared different sets of countries with each other and found out that changes in growth rates are positively correlated with the share of trade and thus greater openness has accelerated economic growth. This essay compares the foreign trade policy of Mexico and Costa Rica. Even though both countries pursued the same policies, some differences can be found. Both implemented a strategy of import-substituting industrialisation until the serious crisis at the beginning of the 1980s, followed by a period of extensive trade liberalisation. This was due to pressure put on by the international institutions such as IMF or World Bank. While Mexico opened up its market, Costa Rica went further and lowered the import barriers. They put a strong emphasis on attracting foreign direct investment. With an average annual growth rate of 4.78 percent in Costa Rica and 4.43 percent in Mexico over the last four decades both countries achieved a strong economic growth exceeding the average of all other Latin American countries. However a positive interrelation between openness and growth could not be found in this study. This essay is structured in four main parts. Section II of this paper deals with the fundamental comparability of Mexico and Costa Rica. Section III portrays the foreign trade policies of both countries and illustrates the main similarities and differences. The development of growth is outlined in Section IV. Section V concludes the paper.
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Découvrir informations, conseils et prix pour ibidem kazakhstani enterprises in transition vendu 71.9 € , est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit est fabriqué par Ibidem et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
The findings of this study illustrate how the process of post-Soviet economic transition engenders, among others, significant spatial industrial restructuring. In addition to well-known changes in the characteristics of individual enterprises, these spatial aspects of restructuring can be key determinants of a firm's performance. Moreover, the effects of spatial restructuring appear as influencing both industry-specific and location-specific characteristics of firms. A number of previous studies have discussed overall economic structural changes in Kazakhstan, but only few highlight the regional-industrial perspective. A focus on regional issues is particularly relevant in this case, since Kazakhstani economic development was uneven and industrial activities are concentrated in certain geographical areas. The present study contributes to the existing literature through its perspective on regional development, at the industrial level. This is the first comprehensive analysis of regional industrial development in Kazakhstan based on research into individual firms. The study fills a gap by way analysing trends of industrial location in Kazakhstan in connection with characteristics of particular enterprises – factors the consideration of which should play a prominent role in the formulation of future regional and managerial policies.
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EAN: 9783898218313
Découvrir informations, conseils et prix pour crc press urbanization and socio vendu 68.9 € , est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit est fabriqué par CRC Press et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
To benefit from the transformation that has accompanied urbanization in many regions of the world, African policymakers must embark on a planned urban development that extends the benefits of an inclusive and green growth to all segments of the population. This book puts urbanization and its challenges squarely on Africa’s development agenda.
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EAN: 9781138687271
Découvrir informations, conseils et prix pour grin oil price developments drivers vendu 58.9 € , est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Applied Sciences Berlin, course: General Economics, language: English, abstract: Oil prices are an important determinant of global economic performance. Crude Oil prices ranged between $2.50/bbl and $3.00/bbl from 1948 through the end of the 1960s. As of this day, the price for crude oil is $89.82/bbl. In general, spikes in oil prices are not unusual and are, to some extent, symptomatic of a gradual upward trend in daily oil price volatility. Volatile prices arise from supply and demand that are both highly inelastic in the short run, with the result that even small shocks can have large effects on price. But especially within the last few years, the oil price has continuously increased sharply ¿ and to some extent unexpected. This recent sharp increase in the oil price prompts several questions: Why have oil prices risen? What is the impact on the global economy and on individual countries? How do oil importing countries cope with the higher prices? What are appropriate policy responses to stabilise the economy in face of high oil prices? And last but not least, what role does the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries really play? To begin with, there is no doubt that the recent increase in oil price is mainly demand driven, combined with historically low excess capacity and heightened concerns about supply disruptions. And even without macroeconomic knowledge, everyone is aware that higher oil prices affect the economy as a whole and all its market participants. In the following, this paper analyses in detail the current main oil price drivers, their economic consequences and the possible policy responses - always framed by the volatility and uncertainty that characterise the oil market.
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EAN: 9783640303045
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin the development of mexican il est vendu 37.9 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit appartient à Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Middle- and South America, grade: 2,6, Free University of Berlin (Latin America Institute / Department for International Politics ), course: International Relations, 125 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: A devaluation of the Peso in 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession for over half a century. Since then the nation made an impressive recovery on many scenes ranging from economics to society. Also the housing market has improved dramatically for various reasons such as significant policy changes. Only the general, systematic housing shortage, the under-supply of mortgages and the under-capitalization of developers still hindered further growth. This was yet addressed by the Fox government introducing new approaches and special agencies to keep social stability and enhance further economic growth. Therefore the thesis points on the rather recent developments of the Mexican housing market including the question how it became the way it is. Furthermore, the political and economic motivations and influence of both, public and private local and foreign actors to the market, without which neither it would not have grown that much, nor will grow as projected, are highlighted. Moreover, potential obstacles to further market growth and increased stability such as an ongoing lack of capital are named, and promoted along with ideas beyond like environmentally friendlier approaches that are in the long-term favor of the Mexican society.
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EAN: 9783640278107
Découvrir informations, conseils et prix pour vieweg teubner recent developments in vendu 74.9 € , est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit est fabriqué par Vieweg & Teubner et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
This is a collection of lectures and seminars delivered at the "Symposi um on Particles and Fields" held at TUbingen University, West Germany, th from June 20 to July Pt, 1977, on the occasion of the University's sooth anniversary. We were very fortunate that so many excellent colleagues from Europe and the U. S. contributed their ideas to this meeting, whose main pur pose ist was to cover a brod spectrum of the various aspects in the current development of particles and fields, rahter than to focus on a single subject. It was interesting to see source-, quark-, and string people side by side attacking the very same unsolved problems in particle physics. Exchange of ideas and techniques between the diverse representatives of field- and particle physics was the principal goal of the meeting. Last not least, we are most grateful to the President of our University A. Theis, and his assistant, H. E. Lang, for the generous support that enabled us to make this symposium a profitable and pleasant experience for all of us.
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EAN: 9783528084264
Découvrir informations, conseils et prix pour l harmattan unchaining africa s vendu 33.12 € , est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit est fabriqué par L'harmattan et est vendu par Fnac.ch
Unchaining Africa's Economic Development through Entrepreneurship Education - Guide. Découvrez des nouveautés, des coups de cœur, des avis d'internautes, …
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EAN: 9782343166322
Découvrir informations, conseils et prix pour sage publications understanding personal vendu 62.9 € , est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit est fabriqué par Sage Publications et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
This book provides an overview essential for a proper understanding of effective approaches to PSHE education in secondary education and the valuable role it can play in promoting the health and wellbeing of adolescents. Coverage includes: · The importance and scope of PSHE education · The theory and research evidence for effective practice in the secondary school · School structures which support effective teaching and learning in PSHE education · Assessment for, and of, learning in PSHE education · The role of visiting experts in PSHE education · Overlaps with pastoral and therapeutic support
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EAN: 9781473913639
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin europe s demographic development il est vendu 32.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit appartient à Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 1,0, Berlin School of Economics, course: Arbeitsmärkte und Sozialstaat in Europa, language: English, abstract: Though EU commissar ¿pidla speaks, in 2006, about a ¿demographic time bomb¿ which needs to be disarmed1, a study suggests that back in 2003 52 percent of the German population has not even heard about the term ¿demographic change.¿ Even if these figures are a bit outdated they show that discussion concerning this topic continues between experts and politicians and has been a long-time taking to reach the broader populace. Nowadays, word has spread. The topic has become more pressing on political agendas, national and international summits. In the 2007 Adecco Fitness Survey, European companies invision the demographic change as the second biggest business challenge, following Globalization. The UN has been pressing the issue of ageing populations since the 1940s and forecasts that the number of people over 60 years old will have tripled by 2050. For the first time in history, this figure will exceed that of the number of children (0 ¿ 14 years). However, these aggregated figures do not show that these developments have taken place differently across the globe. Europe is experiencing the most rapid ageing, and the number of old people is already higher than the number of young people. This may explain why demographic change now has such a high priority in EU policies. Nico van Nimwegen, deputy director of the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute notes that the ageing problem is the dominant challenge the EU is facing. He sees the implications of this trend and the need for action and policy change in various areas. Employment has been recognized as one of these target areas. The ageing of the population has important repercussions on the available labor force and thus impacts economic prospects as a whole. This paper will analyze demographic changes and their impacts on the labor markets. It will begin with an overview of Europe¿s demographic development and its driving forces. The subsequent impacts on the labor force will then be discussed followed by an overview of different proposed policy options and how they could help circumvent the consequences of demographic change. Here the goal shall not be to detail single policy measures, but to unveil areas in which policy action needs to be considered. Particular policies have to be chosen carefully by each country in accordance to its individual situation and institutional framework. Finally, the findings of this paper will be reviewed and a final conclusion will be given.
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EAN: 9783640326266
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur african books collective linguistics il est vendu 75.9 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit appartient à African Books Collective et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
This diverse and comprehensive collection of essays embraces the main discourses in the field of African languages and linguistics. Overall, it argues for the absolute necessity of developing African languages as a condition of socio-economic development. The work further advocates the involvement of all sectors of society in language development efforts, language identification, and the imperative of validating African languages as equal to the colonial languages.
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EAN: 9782869781603
Trouver informations, conseils et prix pour grin development guideline of ebusiness il est vendu 32.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: Satisfactory, University of Cologne, language: English, abstract: The volatile electronic business is characterized by a seamless, borderless, and timeless marketplace. In this connection the internet is accelerating a number of trends that are laying the foundation for a new global economy, in which production and consumption become more mobile, dynamic, intangible, and multinational. The shift from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy, working with etools and the dominance of information technology industry, knowledge man-agement and intangibles in ebusinesses will influence a revision of the current tradi-tional national-specific principles of accounting and taxation considering worldwide trade and commerce (¿death of distance¿). The consequence of that globalization effects will be a challenge to the philosophy of traditional accounting and taxation and promote an acceleration of global harmoniza-tion of the principles of accounting and taxation. The new business development and creation of innovative business planes in ebusi-nesses have to consider those certain properties and facilities of eManagement of resources in accounting and taxation. The guideline will give some practical approaches and issues for planning ebusi-nesses considering the essential rules, directives, regulations and principles of ac-counting and taxation (¿state of the art¿). Purpose of the project is to search in relevant German, U.S. and other references for relevant material about accounting and taxation of ebusinesses, summarize and structure the essentials to a practical guide for developing and planning ebusinesses. Based on the relevant accounting principles for ebusinesses in German commercial law (HGB), International Accounting Standards (IAS) and US-General Accepted Ac-counting Principles (US-GAAP), sales and use tax, and income tax in Germany and US, the highlights of the content are web-based businesses, nexus based on server location, mobility of web-based businesses, web site expense deductions, acquisi-tions and dispositions of web-based businesses, valuation subjects and the relevant international recommended methods of transferpricing for multinational enterprises and tax administrations (OECD guidelines) corresponding to their certain cases of application. Result of the project is a well-structured practical guide for developing and planning ebusinesses from accounting and taxation perspectives with implications for creation of business models and a lot of hints to further references.
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EAN: 9783638653053
Découvrir informations, conseils et prix pour grin customer centric product development vendu 30.4 € , est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, grade: 1,8, Leeds Metropolitan University, course: Strategic Services Management, language: English, abstract: Each business should have one major focus to be able to develop and satisfy the market needs. Obviously this focus is the customer. It does not matter who the customer is defined as he/she has to be defined for each company in a different way. The main thing is that all efforts are addressed to the customer. Every company sells products or services to customers so from a quality assurance point of view it is crucial to develop products in reference to market needs or customer needs respectively. This is the focus for the assignment. A general guideline for an efficient product development process should be created with the overall objective ¿ customer centric product development combined with an improved internal workflow. Anderson et al (2006, p. 1) states that customer value proposition is one of the most widely used terms in business in recent years. So it is important that a company is able to help customers understand the superior value of the products or service offered. Under pressure to keep costs down, customers may only look at the price and so it is important to think about the customer value proposition but also the comparison to the competitors of a specific market environment. This should flow into this assignment as well. Another problem of product development is that in many companies it is rather influenced by opinions of different sales people then by facts and figures. According Annacchino (2007, p. 101) a lot of companies tend to make a mistake at the product definition step, so that the customer is not really involved in the product development process. In reference to the definition of customer-defined needs there are different ways: ¿ A company can use direct customer surveys to solicit feedback and to obtain information in a direct manner. ¿ Another way is a focused group discussion which allows multiple-person input and prompted discussion to generate ideas. ¿ A third possibility is a suggestion system and communication platform for customers and stakeholders.
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EAN: 9783640120161
Trouver informations, conseils et prix pour world bank pubn the complete il est vendu 184 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, ce produit est fabriqué par World Bank Pubn et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
The World Development Report, published annually since 1978, contains a wealth of information on the economic and social state of the world. This omnibus CD-ROM edition includes the text of all 30 editions. Contents are fully indexed and cross-referenced for easy searching across volumes. Selected indicators from World Development Indicators 2007 with multiple display and data export options are also included.
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EAN: 9780821372708
Découvrir conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur john wiley sons the global vendu 37.9 € , ce produit est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, fabriqué par John Wiley & Sons et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
The central paradox of the contemporary world is the simultaneous presence of wealth on an unprecedented scale, and mass poverty. Liberal theory explains the relationship between capitalism and poverty as one based around the dichotomy of inclusion (into capitalism) vs exclusion (from capitalism). Within this discourse, the global capitalist system is portrayed as a sphere of economic dynamism and as a source of developmental opportunities for less developed countries and their populations. Development policy should, therefore, seek to integrate the poor into the global capitalist system. The Global Development Crisis challenges this way of thinking. Through an interrogation of some of the most important political economists of the last two centuries Friedrich List, Karl Marx, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Schumpeter, Alexander Gerschenkron, Karl Polanyi and Amarta Sen, Selwyn argues that class relations are the central cause of poverty and inequality, within and between countries. In contrast to much development thinking, which portrays 'the poor' as reliant upon benign assistance, this book advocates the concept of labour-centred development. Here 'the poor' are the global labouring classes, and their own collective actions and struggles constitute the basis of an alternative form of non-elitist, bottom-up human development.
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EAN: 9780745660158
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin development and impact of il est vendu 28.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit appartient à Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: 80%=good, University of Kerala (Department of Political Science), course: Modern Political Analysis, language: English, abstract: Few people would deny that they are living in an age of great transformational processes. For centuries, if not millennia, the changes in human society had occurred slowly and usually did not affect the lives of the majority of the people significantly. That is not to say that the event of a war, a draught or another catastrophe did not have devastating consequences and indeed it were predominantly the ordinary people who suffered the most if such an event took place. The conducting of life however remained unaffected and continued as it had before. Scientific inventions were rarely made and if they did happen it was only a small privileged section of society benefiting from them. Whatever influenced the life of most people occurred gradually, making it both possible and easy to adjust. It could even be argued that because these influences did not have an impact during a person¿s lifespan but developed over generations people failed to recognize them as changes at all. This has profoundly changed in the age of globalization that has already shaped the economic, social, and cultural lives of hundreds of millions of people. The majority of them may not be able to clearly identify these changes but they would all agree that something is happening in their lives. The feeling evolving out of this is one of uncertainty; there are both greater opportunities and greater risks. The previous era had already witnessed the transformation that industrialization brought about and it provoked sharp reactions. Industrialization not only transformed people¿s lives it changed the character of warfare as well and the 20th century had to endure the consequences. Technology brought many improvements but people start to realize that there is a flipside to everything. In a somewhat dialectical sense we cannot take the benefits of something while at the same time hope to avoid the ramifications. The world today has not just become smaller; it also turns out to be far more complex and diverse than any philosopher could have possibly imagined. Postmodernism can be conceived as a movement directed at both diversity and complexity but it may not provide a satisfying answer. Instead, its simple but yet powerful message may be that all we can do is accept the actual condition. This paper attempts to outline the development of postmodernism as a reaction to Modernity, and to analyze some of the implications this reaction brings about.
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EAN: 9783640325917
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur lit verlag new pathways in il est vendu 38.9 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit appartient à LIT Verlag et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
The professional development of teachers is a theme which is discussed intensively in the context of ever ongoing school reforms in Europe. This provides many impulses for educational theory as well as educational research and educational practice. Many questions concerning professional development of teachers are to be answered or clarified. The conference volume New Pathways in the Professional Development of Teachers provides an opportunity to present innovative concepts, models and instruments in the pre-service as well as in-service teacher education in the context of trends in educational policy.
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EAN: 9783643501530
Trouver conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur l harmattan laos path towards il est vendu 39.15 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften; ce produit appartient à L'harmattan et est vendu par Fnac.ch
Context, Sustainable Development and Challenges
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EAN: 9782343142401
Trouver informations, conseils et prix pour grin minimum wages and employment il est vendu 32.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (Department of Economics), course: Labor Economics II, language: English, abstract: One of the most important issues that was in the center of the political debate in Germany in the last few months is the introduction of minimum wages. It was caused by the politically forced imposition of a minimum wage in the sector for postal services which, in the view of many experts, provides a competitive advantage for the major postal service company ¿Deutsche Post World Net¿1 compared to its competitors. Then it happened that the ¿PIN ¿ Group AG¿ one of the most important domestic competitors of the ¿Deutsche Post World Net¿ was threatened by insolvency as its largest shareholder the publisher ¿Axel Springer AG¿ was no longer willing to invest money in the ¿PIN - Group AG¿. Additionally, many newspapers published by Axel Springer AG wrote articles against the imposition of a minimum wage for many weeks and published many interviews with economic experts warning about the negative effects of a minimum wage on the overall German labor market. Furthermore, political considerations, e.g. by the secretary of labor, to introduce a federal minimum wage in Germany even caused the chairmen of the eight leading economic research institutes in Germany to publish a letter in the newspaper ¿Das Handelsblatt¿2 where they advise politicians against the introduction of a federal minimum wage if (large) employment losses should be avoided. On the other hand, a few other researchers, experts and politicians like the ¿IAB¿3 as a specific labor market research institute believe that minimum wages even could create jobs and must not necessarily destroy them. This paper is motivated by this ongoing debate between economists and policymakers in the whole world. That is why in the first part of the paper the major theoretical framework which is used by economists to analyze and empirically assess the impacts of minimum wages on employment should be presented.
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EAN: 9783640263721
Trouver informations, conseils et prix pour grin eva as the best il est vendu 32.4 € , présent dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, ce produit est fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A, St. Mary's University San Antonio, Texas, language: English, abstract: In this paper these issues will be discussed: ¿the main purpose and functions of the financial performance management and how it is related to the problem of shareholders value creation, company growth and managers decision making process and management motivation; ¿the appropriate measures of management performance from the shareholders point of view; ¿contradictions or goal incongruence between shareholders, management and company long-term growth.
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frais de port: 3.5
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EAN: 9783640316090
Découvrir conseils, opinions et fonctionnalités sur grin the enterprise valuation theory vendu 32.4 € , ce produit est placé dans la catégorie Bücher & Zeitschriften, fabriqué par Grin et est vendu par Orellfuessli.ch
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A, St. Mary's University San Antonio, Texas, language: English, abstract: In a market-driven economy investors are looking for the most profitable placement of their capital. This leads to a redistribution of the recourses on economy-wide scale from industries and companies which use investor¿s capital inefficiently and destroy wealth to industries and companies which use investor¿s capital efficiently and create wealth. For corporate managers, wealth creation is fundamental to the economic survival of the firm. As suggested by Rapport (2006, pp.67-68) managers that fail (or refuse) to see the importance of this imperative in an open economy do so at the peril of the organization and their own careers. There are several analytical tools which can help to make wise decisions in this field. They range from traditional Dividend Discount model and Free Cash Flow (FCF) model to not so long ago created Economic Value Added (EVA) model of enterprise valuation. At the same time in line with theoretical models for valuing companies there is a market value for companies derived from market supply and demand for their stocks. In general, if we again refer to ¿one value principle¿ described in Grant (2003, p.106), both theoretical and market approaches have to lead to the same results. But in reality there is always some discrepancy in those two values which is a result of the influence of the number of factors. Identification and analysis of those factors is of key importance for investors to discover the most profitable investments and for the economy to ensure the most efficient use of capital. The discrepancy between theoretical and market value of the company, however, should not last forever. If it happens then capital market will be sending wrong signals to the investors about on the one hand industries with high potential which use capital productively and create economic profit and on the other hand industries with low potential who waste capital and achieve economic loss. This would lead to a situation when productive industries will face a deficit of capital and unproductive industries will face a surplus of capital. Such inefficient distribution of capital finally would be a threat for the development of a real sector of the economy.
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frais de port: 3.5
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EAN: 9783640362349